Alteraciones cardiovasculares agudas y síndrome post COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35954/SM2021.40.2.4.e401Palabras clave:
COVID-19; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca; Miocardio; SARS-CoV-2; Troponina.Resumen
La enfermedad por el virus SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, desde su reconocimiento en diciembre del 2019 hasta la actualidad ha generado múltiples desafíos a la comunidad científica. Se conocen aspectos del virus, su transmisión y su patogenia pero todavía hay elementos que son sometidos a permanente revisión y desafían la capacidad de adaptación del sistema sanitario. La mayoría de los pacientes cursa la enfermedad con síntomas leves pero un porcentaje evoluciona a un cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria severa llamado síndrome de distres respiratorio agudo que puede culminar en shock séptico o cardiogénico y muerte. Los pacientes con comorbilidades cardiovasculares subyacentes, como hipertensión arterial, diabetes y enfermedad arterial coronaria, son más propensos a sufrir una infección grave por coronavirus, que requiere ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos y se asocia con mayor mortalidad. Además de esto, los pacientes que atravesaron la enfermedad pueden presentar síntomas persistentes que a menudo requieren un abordaje particular y aún multidisciplinario por la afectación que provocan en la calidad de vida.
El objetivo de esta revisión es aportar evidencia disponible sobre la enfermedad COVID-19 y sus consecuencias a corto y largo plazo a nivel cardiovascular teniendo en cuenta que nuestra comprensión de su impacto está en constante evolución.
Recibido para evaluación: Junio 2021
Aceptado para publicación: Octubre 2021
Correspondencia: 8 de octubre 3060. C.P.11600. Montevideo, Uruguay. Tel.: (+598) 24876666 int.1810 .
E-mail de contacto: zulycortellezzi@gmail.com
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