Primary oral melanoma
Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35954/SM2019.38.2.4Keywords:
Diagnosis, Oral; Early Diagnosis; Oral Manifestations; Melanoma; Melanocytes; Neoplasms; Mouth NeoplasmsAbstract
Primary oral mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm and accounts for only 0.2-8% of all reported melanomas. It is a malignant melanocyte neoplasm that may arise from a benign melanocytic lesion or de novo melanocyte lesion within normal skin or mucosa. It is considered the most deadly and biologically unpredictable human neoplasm, with the worst prognosis mainly due to the late initial diagnosis, the difficulty of reaching a wide resection and the tendency of this neoplasm to produce metastases at a distance via hematogenous in a very early form. It is estimated that 36% of patients with primary oral melanoma present regional lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis and 85% of them develop metastases to the liver, lungs, bone or brain in a short period of time. Currently, the most effective treatment for Melanomas is surgical resection with wide safety margins, complemented with neck dissection for positive and adjuvant lymph node metastases in high-risk patients.
Primary oral mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm and accounts for only 0.2-8% of all reported melanomas. It is a malignant melanocyte neoplasm that may arise from a benign melanocytic lesion or de novo melanocyte lesion within normal skin or mucosa. It is considered the most deadly and biologically unpredictable human neoplasm, with the worst prognosis mainly due to the late initial diagnosis, the difficulty of reaching a wide resection and the tendency of this neoplasm to produce metastases at a distance via hematogenous in a very early form. It is estimated that 36% of patients with primary oral melanoma present regional lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis and 85% of them develop metastases to the liver, lungs, bone or brain in a short period of time. Currently, the most effective treatment for Melanomas is surgical resection with wide safety margins, complemented with neck dissection for positive and adjuvant lymph node metastases in high-risk patients.
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References
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