Mouth breathing in children and adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35954/SM2014.33.1.3Keywords:
Tongue Habits; Malocclusion; Posture; Mouth BreathingAbstract
Breathing is an innate and vital function of the human being. Normal breathing, also called nasal breathing, is one in which air is inhaled and exhaled through the nose, keeping the mouth closed. Naso-respiratory dysfunction, mouth breathing or mixed breathing could cause oral and systemic problems to those who suffer from it, as well as difficulties in their daily life. Mouth breathing constitutes a syndrome called "Mouth Breather Syndrome" which can be diagnosed by obstructive, anatomical or habit causes. The repercussions are varied: the shape of the palate, body balance, speech articulation, type of swallowing, feeding and other functions are altered.
Individual mouth breathers, children or adolescents, may do so because of physical problems or bad habits. All of them develop disorders that are difficult to solve and that affect adult life without a re-education of their naso-respiratory function. The aim of the present study is to provide information that will contribute to the recognition of children and adolescents who are mouth breathers for early referral. Their detection and correction depends on the timely intervention of a multidisciplinary team that includes a pediatrician, otolaryngologist, speech therapist, dentist, orthodontist, orthopedist and other health professions.
Received for review: May 2014.
Accepted for publication: August 2014.
Contact e-mail: erotemb@yahoo.com.ar
Downloads
References
(1) Guyton AC, Hall JE. Ventilación pulmonar. En: Tratado de Fisiología Médica. 11ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2006. p.471-482.
(2) Ruiz Varela MA, Cerecedo Pastor A. Síndrome del respirador bucal. Aproximación teórica y observación experimental. Cuadernos de Audición y Lenguaje 2002; (3) Secc A: 13-56
(3) Proffit WR, Fields Jr. HW, Sarver DM. Etiología de los problemas ortodóncicos. En: Ortodoncia contemporánea. 4ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier Mosby; 2008. p.130-161.
(4) Cortese SG, Biondi AM. Relación de disfunciones y hábitos parafuncionales orales con trastornos témporo-mandibulares en niños y adolescentes. Arch Argent Pediatr 2009; 107(2):134-138.
(5) Fonseca Arrieta X. Respirador Bucal. Otorrinolaringología. Escuela de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (en línea). Disponible en:https://www.google.com.uy/url?sa=f&rct=j&url=http://escuela.med.puc.cl/paginas/publicaciones/otorrino/doc/RespiradorBucal.doc&q=&esrc=s&ei=2XxuUuSqJsK1kAeshoAI&usg=AFQjCNH5FoixQc-NoOtYXJf36v4hQJMbCg [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(6) García Urbano J. OrthoApnea: Roncopatía y Apnea obstructiva. En: Sueño y respiración. Madrid: Ripano Editorial Médica; 2010. p.39-60.
(7) Barrios Felipe L, Puente Benítez M, Castillo Coto A, Rodríguez Carpio MA, Duque Hernández M. Hábito de respiración bucal en niños. Rev Cubana Ortod (en línea) 2001; 16(1): 47-53. Disponible en: http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/ord/vol16_1_01/ord07101.htm. [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(8) Medina CT, Laboren ML, Viloria C, Quirós O, D´Jurisic A, Alcedo C, Molero L, Tedaldi A J. Hábitos bucales más frecuentes y su relación con maloclusiones en niños con dentición primaria Revista Latinoamericana de Ortodoncia y Odontopediatría [en línea]; julio 2010. Disponible en: http://www.ortodoncia.ws/publicaciones/2010/art20.asp [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(9) O´Ryan FS, Gallagher DM, LaBanc JP, Epker BN. The relation between nasorespiratory funtion and dentofacial morpphology: A review. Am J Orthod 1982; 82(5):403-10.
(10) Gregoret J, Tuber E, Escobar H, Matos Da Fonseca A. Examen funcional. En: Ortodoncia y Cirugía Ortognática, diagnóstico y planificación. 2a ed. Madrid : NM ediciones; 2008. p.101-117.
(11) García Vignolo L. Crecimiento y desarrollo general y cráneo-facial. En: Ohanian M y col. Fundamentos y Principios de la Ortopedia Dento-Maxilo-Facial. Caracas: Actualidades Médico Odontológicas Latinoamericana; 2000. p.14-41.
(12) Neiva PD, Kirkwood RN, Godinho R. Orientation and position of head posture, scapula and thoracic spine in mouth-breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73(2):227-236.
(13) Da Silveira W, Mello FC, Guimaraes FS, Menezes SL. Postural alterations and pulmonary function of mouth- breathing children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol [en línea] 2010; 76(6):683-6. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1808-86942010000600002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(14) Cesar GM, Tosato J de Paiva, Gonzalez T, Gonzalez DAB. Postura cervical e classes oclusais em bruxistas e individuos assintomáticos do DTM. Rev Odontol Univ Cid Sao Paulo 2006; 18(2):155-160.
(15) Villanueva P, Valenzuela S, Santander H, Zuñiga C, Ravera MJ, Miralles R. Efecto de la postura de la cabeza en las mediciones de la vía aérea. Rev CEFAC Sao Paulo [en línea] 2004; 6(1): 44-8. Disponible en: http://www.cefac.br/revista/revista61/Artigo%207.pdf [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(16) Okuro RT, Morcillo AM, Ribeiro MÂ, Sakano E, Conti PB, Ribeiro JD. Mouth-breathing and forward head posture: effects on respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity in children. J Bras Pneumol [en línea] 2011;37(4):471-9. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132011000400009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(17) Malhotra S, Pandey RK, Nagar A, Agarwal SP, Gupta VK. The effect of mouth-breathing on dentofacial morphology of growing child. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [en línea] 2012; 30(1):27-31. Disponible en: http://www.jisppd.com/temp/JIndianSocPedodPrevDent30127-4214861_114228.pdf [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(18) Tiemi Okuro R, Moreno Morcillo A, Sakano E, Santos Schivinski CI, Goncalves Oliveira Ribeiro A, Dirceu Ribeiro J. Exercise capacity, respiratory mechanics and posture in mouth breathers. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol [en línea] 2011; 77(5):656-62. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1808-86942011000500020&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(19) Marci F, Monaco AL, Chimenti C, Antenucci F. Prevención en Ortognatología: parte I. J Clin Odontol 1997/1998; 13(6):13-28.
(20) Goldin A. Evaluación postural. En: Palacios S, Conto M, Goldin A, Varela L. Manual de Actualización en Odontología. 2a. ed. Buenos Aires: Microsules Bernabó; 2001. p.21-23.
(21) Storey AT. Maduración de la musculatura orofacial. En: Moyers RE. Manual de ortodoncia. 4a ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 1992. p.75-101.
(22) Ricketts RM. Tratamiento bioprogresivo de la dentición mixta. En: Técnica bioprogresiva de Ricketts. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 1983. p.125-142.
(23) Charlone Granucci G. Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en niños. Opción Médica 2011; 3(21): 5-17.
(24) Ilartridge MG. Efectos de la respiración bucal (en línea).Disponible en: http://www.odonto-red.com.mx/Articuloscientificos/efectosdearespiracinbucal.htm [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(25) Narvaez de Grande BT. La respiración bucal y la atención selectiva. Rev Fund Juan José Carraro 2012; (35):18-31.
(26) Padrós Serrat E. Ortodoncia, parafunciones, bruxismo, apnea de sueño y ronquidos. Ripano edición internacional en clínicas odontológicas. Ripano Editorial Médica. Madrid, España. Nº 3 Año 8, p. 44-66. Disponible en: http://www.clinicapadros.com/pdf/Dr.Eduardo_Padros_Serrat/Ortodoncia_Parafunciones_Bruxismo_Apnea_del_Sueno_y_Ronquidos.pdf [Consulta 20/10/2013].
(27) Argandoña J. Sistema Estomatognático en el Niño. Desarrollo, función y disfunción. Rev Soc Chil Odontopediatr 2003; 15/16:19-22.
(28) Suliano AA, Rodrigues MJ, Caldas Jr. AF, Fonte, PP, Porto-Carreiro CF. Prevalencia de Maloclusao e sua associacao con alterações funcionais do sistema estomatognático entre escolares. Cad Saúde Publica, Río de Janeiro 2007; 23(8):1913-23.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Until 2024 we use the Creative Commons Attribution/NonCommercial Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es. Which states that: you are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as to adapt, remix, transform and build upon the material. Under the following terms:
Attribution: you must give proper credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes have been made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in such a way as to suggest that you or your use is endorsed by the licensor.
NonCommercial: you may not use the material for commercial purposes.
As of 2025 authors retain their copyright and assign to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which shall simultaneously be subject to the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es that permits sharing, copying and redistribution of the material in any medium or format provided that initial publication in this journal is indicated. Adapt, remix, transform and build upon the material. If you remix, transform, or build from the material, you must distribute your contribution under the same license as the original and may not make use of the material for commercial purposes.
Under the following terms:
1. Attribution: you must give proper credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate whether changes have been made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in such a way as to suggest that you or your use is endorsed by the licensor.
2. NonCommercial: you may not use the material for commercial purposes.
3. ShareAlike: if you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contribution under the same license as the original.
PlumX Metrics
